There are numerous kinds of causes that trigger the development of cataracts. In most of the cases, they are one or more of the following factors associated with cataracts.

Age is the first factor. Most people when they age develop changes in their lenses, causing it to become rigid, hazy and cloudy. Age related cataracts are common.

Another factor that has been studied and found to have an effect in heightening the risk of cataract development is overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. UV radiation can come from sources such as from the sunlight, from tanning booths, or sunlamps.  To diagnose the extent of sight damage, a type of opthalmic microscope may be employed by the doctor.

Metabolic disorders such as diabetes, especially when the blood sugar levels are above its safe range, can cause changes in the eye that can result in cataracts. Chronic and long term diseases in the eye such as glaucoma, and other eye infections like uveitis and retinitis also increase ones risk in the disease development. Steroid use, especially long term, is also a factor for cataract development. Radiation, radiation therapies and x-rays in hospitals also increase your chances for cataract development.  A type of opthalmic microscope may be used to detect such.

Genetics also play a major role in your tendency to acquire cataracts. Surgeries, such as vitrectomy and others eye surgeries that may use an opthalmic microscope, and eye injuries also greatly increase your chances. Lastly, some children, like in congenital cataracts, already have the eye disease a short time after their birth due to prenatal factors.